CNC machine tools are core equipment in daily machining production. Their stable operation directly impacts a company’s production efficiency and machining quality. You’ll inevitably face various issues during actual use, though. This article covers common problems in CNC machine operation and offers detailed solutions, helping you quickly fix faults and keep production on track.
1.CNC Machine Fails to Start Normally
If a CNC machine won’t start, first check the stability of the power connection. Open the distribution box to see if any circuit breakers have tripped. Check the power plug too—look for looseness or damage. Power supply working fine? Then check if the machine’s emergency stop button is still pressed (not reset) or if the start button on the control panel is broken. Reset the emergency stop button if needed. Replace a broken start button right away.
2.Control System Alarms
The CNC machine’s control system may send various alarm messages during operation, like servo alarms or spindle alarms. A servo alarm? First check the alarm code on the servo drive—it will point you to the cause. Common causes include servo motor overload, encoder failure, or issues with the servo drive itself.
An overload alarm means you should check if the load is too heavy or if transmission parts are jammed. For encoder issues, inspect connecting cables for looseness and check the encoder for damage—replace it if necessary. If the servo drive is faulty, try restarting it. Still having problems? Ask a professional to repair or replace it.
3.Programme Execution Errors
Program operation can lead to problems, such as abnormal running, alarms, or wrong machining paths. These issues usually stem from programming mistakes, incorrect program input, or improper tool compensation settings.
Always check the code carefully when programming. Ensure instructions are correct and the format is standard. Verify the content when inputting the program to avoid typing errors. For tool compensation, set the radius and length values accurately based on the actual tool size. Do a test cut before formal machining to confirm correct compensation settings.
4.Surface Roughness Fails to Meet Requirements
If the surface roughness of the machined part doesn’t meet the requirements, the reasons may be improper tool parameter settings, unreasonable cutting parameters, or machine tool vibration.
Adjust the tool’s geometric parameters (such as rake angle, clearance angle, and edge sharpness) to match the material being machined. Choose appropriate cutting parameters—including cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut—to avoid poor surface roughness caused by too high or too low cutting speed. Check if the machine tool’s anchor bolts are loose and ensure the machine is level to reduce the impact of vibration on the machined surface.
5.Response Strategy for Complex Problems
Some complex faults are beyond your ability to fix—like a broken control system motherboard or damaged servo motor. In such cases, contact the machine tool manufacturer’s after-sales team or professional maintenance engineers right away.
When reaching out, clearly describe the fault symptoms, when it occurred, and how often. This helps maintenance staff quickly identify the cause and bring the right spare parts. Keep the scene intact while waiting. Never randomly disassemble or replace parts—this could make the problem worse.
In summary, stay calm when problems arise during CNC machine operation. Follow this troubleshooting rule: fix simple issues first, then complex ones; check external causes first, then internal ones. Prioritize daily maintenance—regular inspections and lubrication are key. Provide comprehensive training for operators to boost their technical skills and fault-handling abilities. This reduces malfunctions, keeps CNC machines running efficiently and stably, and ultimately helps the enterprise maximize production value.