As a cutting-edge manufacturing technology for the 21st century, high-speed machining stands out with core advantages of high efficiency, high precision, and high surface quality. It has deeply penetrated into aerospace, automotive manufacturing, mold processing, and other high-end sectors, becoming a critical component of contemporary advanced manufacturing systems.
Its technical realization hinges on high-speed CNC machines, which require both high-speed spindle systems and feed systems to achieve high-speed material cutting. To optimize feed performance, manufacturers at home and abroad continuously iterate on the high-speed operation capability of ball screws.
1.Precision Innovation of Ball Screws
In CNC machine motion control, ball screws subvert the technical limitations of traditional sliding screws through the rolling friction principle. When ball elements form a rolling pair between the screw and nut, they not only significantly reduce motion resistance but also completely resolve the “backlash” issue inherent in traditional thread structures, enabling machining accuracy and position repeatability to achieve order-of-magnitude improvements. This precise transmission mechanism allows machines to perform micron-level positioning, especially suitable for high-precision processing of aerospace components.
2.Efficiency Breakthrough in Transmission Performance
Compared with sliding screws, the rolling friction characteristics of ball screws reduce energy loss by over 60%. In the high-load operation of high-speed machines, traditional screws suffer from severe energy waste due to friction, leading to system inefficiency. Ball screws, however, transfer 85%-90% of power directly to workpieces through continuous ball rolling, significantly enhancing machine tool energy efficiency. This feature is particularly significant for mass processing scenarios like new energy vehicle motor housings, shortening production cycles while reducing energy costs.
3.Reliability Advantages for Long-Term Operation
Continuous operation of high-speed machines imposes strict requirements on transmission components. Ball screws effectively suppress heat accumulation and wear rates during operation through their low-friction ball-rail contact design. Data shows that under the same working conditions, the service life of ball screws can reach 3-5 times that of traditional screws, with a failure rate reduced by approximately 70%. This makes them ideal for 24/7 production scenarios like automotive molds, drastically reducing downtime and maintenance costs.
4.Dual Value of High Rigidity and Low Noise
The structural design endows ball screws with high rigidity, enabling them to maintain transmission stability under combined axial/radial loads. When high-speed machines cut high-hardness materials like titanium alloys, ball screws avoid vibration errors caused by insufficient rigidity, ensuring workpiece surface roughness is controlled below Ra0.8μm. Meanwhile, noise generated by rolling friction is 15-20 decibels lower than traditional screws, creating a better operational environment for precision machining workshops and aligning with the human-machine engineering requirements of modern intelligent manufacturing.